Weight loss and muscle atrophy are commonly observed indicators, which often lead to a frail appearance. These symptoms can be attributed to the disease, ongoing treatments, or a loss of appetite. Conversely, some may experience weight gain or swelling, known as edema, due to specific diseases or medications. These changes can be emotionally challenging for the patient and those around them. Hence, open communication with healthcare professionals is essential for guidance and reassurance.

As the body’s energy levels decline, patients may spend more time in bed or a chair, finding everyday activities increasingly exhausting. Excessive sleep becomes a natural part of this process. During this stage, assistance with daily tasks such as bathing, eating, and using the toilet becomes crucial. Understanding the importance of providing support and maintaining the person’s dignity is essential for both caregivers and healthcare providers.

Irregular temperature control may lead to sensations of feeling either excessively hot or cold. Simple adjustments like using blankets or adjusting room temperature can offer comfort. Creating a cozy and pleasing environment is essential during these moments.

The desire to eat or drink often diminishes as the body requires less energy. Taste preferences may alter, and difficulties in swallowing or experiencing a dry mouth can arise. While some may choose not to eat or drink, it is essential to respect their wishes. Caregivers can assist by offering small, manageable portions, adjusting meal times, and exploring alternative ways to keep the patient hydrated and nourished.

Muscle relaxation in the final stages of life can result in bowel or bladder control loss. In this case, keeping open communication with healthcare professionals can maintain comfort and dignity. Whether using a commode, pads, or catheters, discussing the best care options helps the patient and their caregivers address this challenging aspect of the journey.

Breathlessness, or dyspnea, can occur throughout the illness or intensify in the final weeks, days, or hours. Managing anxiety and providing practical solutions can alleviate discomfort. Noisy breathing may occur due to mucus buildup. Adjusting the person’s position or using gentle suction can offer relief without causing distress.

Pain is a significant concern for many facing the end of life. With appropriate medical intervention and support, pain can often be effectively managed. Open communication with healthcare providers ensures that suitable medications and strategies are implemented.

Medical professionals address nausea and vomiting by identifying and addressing underlying causes. Adjustments in diet, small meals, and engaging in distracting or relaxing activities can provide relief. As patients talk or communicate less, it is important to continue offering comforting words or companionship, as they may still sense the presence of their loved ones.

Feelings of restlessness or agitation may arise from emotional concerns, medication, or physical symptoms. Creating a calm and secure environment, along with medical guidance, can help manage these issues. Delirium, sudden confusion, often originates from treatable factors like medication side effects, dehydration, or infections. Healthcare professionals can identify the cause and recommend appropriate interventions.